Library: Libraries are congenial homes of ideas to be enjoyed, valued and used regularly by all. Libraries almost invariably contain long passageway to rows of books. It has materials arranged in a specified order according to a library classification scheme, so that items can be located quickly and collections can be browsed efficiently. Some libraries have additional galleries beyond the public ones, where reference materials are stored. These reference stacks may be open to selected members. Others require patrons to submit a “stack request”, which is a request for an assistant to retrieve the material from the closed stacks. In today’s context, most of the libraries provide open access to its entire collection.
Technical
services work behind the scene. It includes selection, acquisition, cataloguing
and classification of new arrivals and weeding out of obsolete and unused
materials. Collection development orders materials and maintains materials
budgets. Larger libraries are often broken down into departments staffed by
both para-professionals and professional librarians. Circulation handles user
accounts and the loaning / returning and shelving of materials. Reference staffs
in the reference desk provide answer to user questions (using structured
reference interviews), instruct users and develop library programming.
Reference may be further broken down by user groups or materials such as youth,
teen, or special collections.
Since
the advancement in technology made it possible to store information and media
in the form other than books, many libraries now act as repositories and access
points for a variety of microfilm, microfiche, audio tapes, video tapes, CDs,
and DVDs, and provide public facilities to access CD-ROM and subscription
databases over the Internet. Thus, modern libraries are increasingly being
redefined as places to get unrestricted access to information in many formats
and from many sources.
1. Definition:
The word “library” comes from the Latin word liber=Book. Library means a collection of written,
printed or digital reading material organized to provide different services to
the user with the help of a trained staff. It is a collection of sources,
resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is
organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or an
individual. However, with the sets and collection of media and of media other
than books for storing information, many libraries are now also repositories
and access points for maps, prints, or other documents and various storage
media such as microform (microfilm/microfiche), audio tapes, CDs, cassettes,
videotapes, and DVDs. Libraries may also provide public facilities to access
subscription databases and the Internet. Although mostly free to access and
use, some libraries assess service charges for some services, such as checking
out new fiction, DVDs, interlibrary loan, Document Delivery Service, etc.
ALA glossary of Library
and Information Science has defined library as “a collection of materials
organized to provide physical, bibliographical and intellectual access to a
target group, with a staff that is trained to provide services and programmes
related to the information needs of the target groups.”
According
to Dr. S. R. Ranganathan, the father of library science in India, “a library is
a public institution or establishment charged with the care of collection of
books, the duty of making them accessible to those who require the use of them
and the task of converting every person in its neighborhood into a habitual
library goers and reader of books.”
The
word “Library Collection” is synonymous with holdings. It is the total
accumulation of books and other materials owned by a library, organized and
cataloged for ease of access by its users. Encyclopaedia of Library and
Information Science describes library collection as “the sum total of library
material – books, manuscripts, serial, government documents, pamphlets,
catalogues, report, recording, microfilms reels, micro cards and microfiche, punched
cards, computer tapes etc. that make up the holding of a particular type of
library.”
Modern
libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted access
to information in many formats and from many sources. They are understood as
extending beyond the four walls of a building, by including material accessible
by electronic means, and by providing the assistance of librarians in
navigating and analyzing tremendous amounts of knowledge with a variety of
digital tools.
2.1 Based
on Mission: The following are the main types
of libraries based upon their mission.
a) National
Library: The mission is to
preserve the cultural heritage of a Nation. Eg. The National Library of India, Kolkata.
b) Public
Library: A free informational
and recreational institution. Its mission is to provide reading materials to
people without any fee.
c) Academic
Library: The libraries that
are attached with educational institutions are known as academic library. Its
mission is to help the students, researchers, faculties in their study or
research. The primary mission is to support the educational and research need
of the parent institution. Academic libraries may be of the following types:
i) University Library
ii) College Library
iii) School Library
d) Special
Library: Libraries attached
to special institution i.e. industrial firm, insurance company, All India
Radio, Dordarshan Kendra, etc. belong to this category. Their aim is to support
the parent organization.
e) Personal /
Private Library: A library owned by an individual or family or a a library
with reading materials collected, maintained and intended to be used by a
single person or a family.
f) Archives: An
organized collection of the noncurrent records of an institution, government,
organization, or corporate body, or the personal papers of an individual or
family, preserved in a repository for their historical value.
2.2 Based
on Technology: A shift from the traditional library to digital library has
already taken place. The traditional closed access libraries are shifting
towards open access library. The open access libraries are shifting towards
automated library, the automated one towards the electronics, the electronics
to digital and finally end in virtual library. Is it really true? The truth is
that nobody knows what will be the future of libraries. Still, based on the
technology used in processing of information as well as in providing services
to the user community, the libraries of present times can be grouped into the
following types
a) Library
(Traditional): The collection of the traditional libraries is mostly print
material, manuscripts etc and the collections are not well organized and the
documents are deteriorating at a rapid rate. The information sources are also
hard to locate and so does not easily reach user. Again, the traditional
libraries confine themselves within a physical boundary.
b) Automated
Library: A library with machine-readable catalogues, computerized
acquisition, circulation and OPAC are called as automated library. The holding
of this type of libraries is same as that of traditional libraries.
c) Electronic
Library: When an automated library goes for Local Area Networking (LAN) and CD-ROM
networking then it is known as electronic library. The resources of the
electronic libraries are in both print and electronic forms, but resources are
not available over the web. The electronic Media is used for storage retrieval
and delivery of information.
d) Digital
Library: The Digital Library (DL) is a later stage of electronic library.
When an electronic library started procuring e-journal and other similar kind
of publications and access is over the web, then it is termed as digital
library. In digital library, high speed optical fibres are used for LAN and the
access is over WAN and it provides a wide range of internet based services i.e.
audio and video conferencing etc. The majority of the holding of a digital
library is in the computer readable form. They have their own computer readable
database and act as a point of access to other on line sources. A DL, like a
traditional library, is also a collection of books and reference materials
along with its associated services. But, unlike a traditional library, however,
the collection of a digital library is in digital form, and is usually served
over the World Wide Web.
e) Virtual
Library: Virtual Library refers to the scientifically managed collection of
information resources and services on site as well as off site that are
available in a virtual reality environment and accessible electronically
through the internet at any time from any geographical location.
f) Hybrid
Library: The libraries, which are working both in electronic or digital and
print environment, are known as hybrid library. Actually it is a transitional
state between the print and digital environment. It is estimated that in near
future libraries will be of hybrid nature, some of the very strong points in
favour of this view are the centuries old reading habit of paper, more
convenience of handling and reading a paper document than the digitized one (in
case of digitized, some equipment must be needed to read the document),
incompatible standard of electronic product, different display standard of
digital product and its associated problem, etc.
Though,
in the above, an attempt is made to categorize the different types of
libraries based on the technology used but in reality there is no strict
line of demarcation between the last four types of libraries.
2.3
UNESCO’s Division: An overall classification of all types of libraries has
been made by UNESCO in “Recommendations concerning the international
standardization of library statistics” adopted by the General Conference at its
16th session (Paris,
November 13, 1970).
a) National libraries
b) Libraries of institutions
of higher education
i) University
library
ii) Libraries
attached to university / institute or department.
iii) Libraries
which are not part of a university.
c) Other major non specialized
libraries
d) School libraries (Size of
collection only printed materials and manuscripts).
i) Up to
2,000 volumes.
ii) From 2,001 to
5,000 volumes.
iii) More than
5,000 volumes.
e) Special libraries open to
the public.
f) Special libraries, reserved
for their primary user.
g) Public (or popular) libraries financed
by the public authorities, size of collection (Only printed material and
manuscripts).
i) Up to
2,000 volumes.
ii) From 2,001 to
5,000 volumes.
iii) From 5,001 to
10,000 volumes.
iv) More than
10,000 volumes.
Based
on the entity i.e institution, municipality, or corporate body that supports or
perpetuates the library, library can be divided into Academic libraries,
Corporate libraries, Government libraries, such as national libraries,
Historical society libraries, Private libraries, Public libraries, School
libraries, Special libraries, etc. Again, based on the collection of the
library material, library can be divided into Digital libraries, Data
libraries, Picture (photograph) libraries, Slide libraries, Tool libraries,
etc.
Libraries
can also be grouped based on the thought contents of procuring document as
Architecture libraries, Fine arts libraries, Law libraries, Medical libraries,
Theological libraries, etc. It can also be grouped based on the user or patron
of the library as Prison library, Library for blind, Public library, Military
community’s library, Children library (actually children library has grown as
an offshoot of the public library functioning as a part of it. In some cases it
has grown independently), Private library, etc.
Let Us Sum Up: Libraries
are by far the oldest institutions charged with the responsibility of
collecting, storing and disseminating of information. In a more traditional
sense a library was defined as “a place where books were kept for reading study
or reference”. It is a collection of books or other written or printed
materials, as well as the facility in which they are housed to serve the reader
within an institution that is responsible for their maintenance. But a modern
library with a few exceptions is regarded as a service institution. Its aim is
to enable the users to make the most effective use of the resources and
services of libraries. A modern library is a public institution which is
expected to convert the potential reader into actual reader.
In
ancient days libraries gathered huge collection of manuscripts and preserved
them most efficiently for the posterity. Modern libraries may contain a wide
range of materials, including manuscripts and pamphlets, posters, photographs,
motion pictures, and videotapes, sound recordings, and computer databases in
various forms.
Libraries
are the carriers of information from one generation to the next generation.
Most of the new technology based information businesses are still largely
dependent on the library for their survival. The information broker,
consultants, referral centre etc still largely depend on the library for their
survival. In these days of Information Technology (IT) libraries continue to serve
millions of grateful users in new and improved ways and it is hoped that in near
future also it will be the only affordable source of information.
More
recently, libraries are understood as extending beyond the physical walls of a
building, by including material accessible by electronic means, and by
providing the assistance of librarians in navigating and analyzing tremendous
amount of knowledge with a variety of digital tools.
National
libraries are responsible for acquiring and conserving copies of all
significant publications published in the country and functioning as a
“deposit” library, either by law or under other arrangements. It also produces
a national bibliography, holds and keeps up to date a large and representative
collection of foreign literature including books about the country, acts as a
national bibliographical information centre, compiles union catalogues, and publishes
the retrospective national bibliography.
Public
library serves the population of a community or region free of charge or for a
nominal fee. An academic library serves
an institution of higher learning and is located on the campuses of colleges
and universities for the benefit of the students and faculty of that
organization. A school library or a school library media center is a
library within a school where students, staff, and often, parents have access
to a variety of resources. Libraries
had often been started with a donation, an endowment or parishes, churches,
schools or towns, and these social and institutional libraries formed the base
of many academic and public library collections of today.
Special
library is established, supported and administered by a business firm, private
corporation, association, government agency, or other special-interest group or
agency to meet the information needs of its members or staff in pursuing the
goals of the organization.
An archives is a
place for storing earlier and often historical, material. It usually contains
documents (letters, records, newspapers, etc.) or other types of media kept for
historical interest. The inactive records of an individual, organization, or
institution are kept in archives for their continuing value. Private or
personal libraries are mostly made up of non-fiction and fiction books.
“ugc”
“net”
“ugc net”
“net exam”
“net entrance”
“net jrf”
“net jrf”
“ugc net syllabus”
“ugc
net jrf entrance exam coaching classes institute”
“ugc net jrf computer science exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf commerce exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf management exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf economics exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf mass communication exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf education exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf history exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf psychology exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf hindi exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf political science exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf human resource exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf library & information science exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf computer science exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf coaching exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf computer science exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf commerce exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf management exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf economics exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf mass communication exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf education exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf history exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf psychology exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf hindi exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf political science exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf human resource exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf library & information science exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf computer science exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf coaching exam coaching”
“ugc net jrf study material”
“ugc”
“ugc”
“net”
“ugc net”
“net exam”
“net entrance”
“net jrf”
global teachers academy
D-2, Arjun Nagar Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi
Near Green Park Metro Station
Ph. 078-380-239-56 , 078-380-243-65
http://www.gtah.net/
“net jrf”
global teachers academy
D-2, Arjun Nagar Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi
Near Green Park Metro Station
Ph. 078-380-239-56 , 078-380-243-65
http://www.gtah.net/
www.ugcnetd.com
https://www.facebook.com/ugcnetcoachingdelhiindia
https://www.facebook.com/gtadh?ref=hl
https://www.facebook.com/ugcnetcoaching.delhi
https://www.facebook.com/ugcnetcoachingdelhiindia
https://www.facebook.com/gtadh?ref=hl
https://www.facebook.com/ugcnetcoaching.delhi
http://www.gtah.net/about-us.php
http://www.gtah.net/ugc-net.php
http://www.gtah.net/jnu-du.php
http://www.gtah.net/enquiry-now.php
http://www.gtah.net/results.php
http://www.gtah.net/contact-us.php
http://www.gtah.net/ugc-net.php
http://www.gtah.net/jnu-du.php
http://www.gtah.net/enquiry-now.php
http://www.gtah.net/results.php
http://www.gtah.net/contact-us.php
https://plus.google.com/+Ugcnetd/posts
|
https://www.facebook.com/ugcnetcoachings
http://in.linkedin.com/in/ugcnetcoaching http://ugcnetjrfcoaching.wordpress.com |
|
http://ugcnetd.wordpress.com
|
|
http://ugcnetcoachingugc.wordpress.com/
|
|
http://ugcnetcoachings.wordpress.com/
|
|
http://ugcnetjrfcoachings.blogspot.in
|
|
http://ugcnetgtah.blogspot.in/
|
|
http://netexamcoaching.blogspot.in/
|
|
http://ugcnetpsychologycoaching.blogspot.in/
|
|
http://ugcnetcommercecoaching.blogspot.in/
|
|
http://ugcnetmanagementcoaching.blogspot.in/
|
|
http://ugcnetexamcoaching.blogspot.in/
|
|
http://ugcnetenglishugc.blogspot.in/
|
|
http://ugcnetcoachings.blogspot.in/
|
|
http://ugcnetonlinecoachng.blogspot.in/
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMJnpTIwKuY
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIIl90pCwAI
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BfgfKMwfpsk
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8oNow4w9-A
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMRtgqHPnfA
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzW2NoQZUbM
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePCdZjXmVgc
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XV9rT3b2LZI
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2UouOJJtCyc
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1kzxQVJdds
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OsSCh8wpSU
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owZeCkfMas8
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lj0m3Bf8D5A
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOuqF5DcEUw
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDb46OwJESs
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34fYjBW_L0M
|
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCc8lY8PpjU
|
No comments:
Post a Comment